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MAGICA II project: HU 245 HEV with ultracap
http://www.dimec.unisa.it/leonardo_new/forum/viewtopic.php?p=33&sid=92f6dec6f48ed6575272eeb4b7bf33ad
Posted: Sun Mar 05, 2006 7:11 am Post subject: MAGICA II project: HU 245 HEV with ultracap
In March 1997 a group of researchers from University of Rome “La Sapienza” organized a study group to develop, design and realize a parallel hybrid electric vehicle, in order to validate experimentally the potentialities of this kind of propulsion system. In short time (one year) a complete sports car was built and tested on track. At the head of this project were two leading experts in the automotive and academic world: Prof. Carmelo Caputo, world-leading expert on Internal Combustion Engines and professor at University of Rome “La Sapienza”, and Eng. Giotto Bizzarrini, well known worldwide in the sports-car field and, among other things, designer of the mythical Ferrari GTO in 1962. Therefore, the project, called MA.GI.CA., was a partnership between Scuderia Bizzarrini in Livorno (Leghorn, Tuscany) and the University of Rome “La Sapienza”. From that experience and by the same designers was born the MAGICA II Project: a technological development of MA.GI.CA. In the MAGICA II Project the main layout has been retained, but interesting enhancements have been introduced for i.c. engine, electric drive, rolling chassis, and in particular, an entirely new electronic control of the power train has been realized for carefully managing an innovative energy storage system that contains ultracapacitor elements only [5][6]. The physical behavior of ultracapacitors (double layer capacitors or supercapacitors) allows improving the vehicle performances (owing to a more efficient regenerative braking and coastdown), to lighten the vehicle mass in comparison with a battery hybrid - this is why the specific power of ultracapacitors is higher than that of most advanced batteries - and to reduce maintenance problems. Ultracapacitors have a lifetime of 500’000 cycles (deep discharge and charge). The advantage gained adopting ultracapacitors is very attractive, in particular in HEVs characterized by high charge and discharge currents. HU 245 is characterized by a mechanical layout directly derived from the Ma.Gi.Ca. Project: it is a two-seat spider with space frame rolling chassis and fiberglass/carbon fiber body. A Diesel engine and an electric drive, acting respectively on the rear and front wheels, make up the propulsion system. The engine is placed in central position, mounted transversally behind the seats. It is equipped with a mechanical gearbox and a final drive that transmit the traction power to the rear wheels. In parallel, an electric drive placed on front axle, in transversal position, is connected to the final drive by a single-speed gearbox, which transmits torque to the front wheels. In central position, just under the two seats, takes place the storage system with ultra capacitors, and behind the seats is placed the supervising central processing unit that manages the entire system. The engine is a CIDI, compression ignition direct injection (Diesel), engine derived from the Alfa Romeo 2.4-Liter JTD (uniJet Turbo Diesel) unit; the electronic management of Diesel injection has been revised and the injection map upgraded. The liquid cooled electric drive from ANSALDO is an AC three phase induction motor provided with electronic inverter. The storage system contains 114 ultracapacitor elements connected in series. The ultracapacitor cells are connected in series in 4 different packs. The complete storage system reaches a nominal voltage of 260 V, a mass of 56 kg (connections and packaging included) and a total capacitance of 10.5 Farad. Each single ultracap cell is provided with a voltage-balancing device. The parallel hybrid power train is controlled by a CPU based on a PC/104 unit; it is a Diamond System Corporation Prometheus device equipped with 16 single-ended analog-input, 16 single-ended analog-output and several digital I/O boards. This unit acts also as onboard data acquisition device in combination with a laptop computer. The management software resident in the PC/104 CPU has been realized with rapid-prototyping and real-time techniques, thanks to Matlab/Simulink® and its xPC-Target-toolbox environment. Currently the vehicle is completed and tested, and now we are evaluating the possibility of installing solar panels on the body in order to improve the system efficiency.
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